This is a work of fiction by Michael Crichton, (2004). Crichton (2004) explains that “Environmentalists have used media manipulation and scare tactics as part of a global warming sales campaign to raise money and acquire political influence” (p. 245). Crichton explains that Environmentalists use funding to create political agendas and to support themselves as political businesses and not really focusing on how to tackle environmental issues. (Beckerman, 1996; Goklany, 2001; Kaufman, 1994; Litcher & Rothman, 1999).
Kneale (2003) explains that all works of fiction create fictional places, they are representations of reality. Barnes & Duncan (1992) states, that representations of the world are non- mimetic, they are not a reflection of reality but they do represent elements of the world. Instead of viewing texts and images as being detached from the discourse and power relations, but that text and images are inseparable from the exercise of power (Kneale, 2003). Cosgrove & Daniels (1988) explain that there is a wide range of representations of the real world through works of art, paintings photos, literary works and so on, they are interpretations of space or place and these interpretations can also help to shape how spaces and places can be interpreted and how people act within these spaces and places (Da Costa, 2003). However, Brousseau (1994) explains that interpretations of fictional novels have been conducted very poorly due to the failures of the examination of how a novel creates its own geographies. There are three areas of consideration which have to be undertaken in order to understand the geographies created in the novel. Firstly the description of place, space or landscapes which are objective representations of the world, Secondly texts don’t contain objective facts, but where a subjective experience within a certain place can be retrieved through the text. Finally a textual landscape can be expressed through a certain powerful cultural ideology (Brousseau, 1994).
The importance of understanding the geography is to understand the narrative of the book, we cannot as Thrift, (1978) refers to as stamp collecting select parts of the narrative as they may be part of a flashback or part of strict chronological order which can confuse our understanding of the text within the narrative. The method of hermeneutics can will be used to interpret the text because the basis of the method is on the interpretations of the text itself and not that of external factors (Pickles, 1992) This report will look at the representations of the city as well as how the author has represented different spaces and places throughout the novel.
Kneale (2003) explains that all works of fiction create fictional places, they are representations of reality. Barnes & Duncan (1992) states, that representations of the world are non- mimetic, they are not a reflection of reality but they do represent elements of the world. Instead of viewing texts and images as being detached from the discourse and power relations, but that text and images are inseparable from the exercise of power (Kneale, 2003). Cosgrove & Daniels (1988) explain that there is a wide range of representations of the real world through works of art, paintings photos, literary works and so on, they are interpretations of space or place and these interpretations can also help to shape how spaces and places can be interpreted and how people act within these spaces and places (Da Costa, 2003). However, Brousseau (1994) explains that interpretations of fictional novels have been conducted very poorly due to the failures of the examination of how a novel creates its own geographies. There are three areas of consideration which have to be undertaken in order to understand the geographies created in the novel. Firstly the description of place, space or landscapes which are objective representations of the world, Secondly texts don’t contain objective facts, but where a subjective experience within a certain place can be retrieved through the text. Finally a textual landscape can be expressed through a certain powerful cultural ideology (Brousseau, 1994).
The importance of understanding the geography is to understand the narrative of the book, we cannot as Thrift, (1978) refers to as stamp collecting select parts of the narrative as they may be part of a flashback or part of strict chronological order which can confuse our understanding of the text within the narrative. The method of hermeneutics can will be used to interpret the text because the basis of the method is on the interpretations of the text itself and not that of external factors (Pickles, 1992) This report will look at the representations of the city as well as how the author has represented different spaces and places throughout the novel.
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